Even in conditions when Japanese individuals are fairly constructive that one thing is true, they usually maintain again on expressing claims. Much like how one would possibly use a layer of wrapping paper to cover what is admittedly inside a package deal, when talking Japanese, Japanese audio system frequently encase their assertions in language that means they are not certain about it. To swimsuit this social custom, Japanese presents quite a lot of grammatical phrases for various levels of certainty.

For instance, contemplate a situation the place you arrive at work within the morning, and a coworker asks you whether or not you left a doc on her desk final evening. You didn’t try this, however you consider one other coworker, Tanaka-san, might have. That is what you’ll be able to say:

• 田中さん[かな / かも / な気がする / だと思う]。
• It could be Tanaka-san.

These 4 phrases are offered so as of diploma of certainty: from least sure to most sure. Though 4 would possibly look like sufficient, that is merely the tip of the iceberg. Japanese has much more comparable expressions, and understanding them is essential for talking the language in a extra Japanese-like method.

To help you in utilizing Japanese in a approach that presumably sounds extra Japanese, this text discusses these phrases so as of diploma of certainty. Are you able to be taught them? Perhaps? Maybe? Nicely, it appears you might be prepared, I suppose. So, let’s get the ball rolling!

Stipulations: This text assumes you already know hiragana and katakana. If it’s worthwhile to brush up, take a look at our Final Hiragana Information and Final Katakana Information.

Notes: This text concentrates extra on the subtleties of every time period, significantly in odd talking or writing. Some expressions won’t be acceptable in formal writing, comparable to tutorial writing, as formal writing tends to require a inflexible and assertive model on the whole.

A Large Image Take a look at Diploma of Certainty Phrases

As talked about within the introduction, there are many methods to convey your assumptions in Japanese. All of those expressions are for “judgments” made in mild of the accessible data. The knowledge of the judgment, nevertheless, could be completely different relying on how a lot data the speaker is aware of, and the way a lot they depend on it to make judgments, in addition to whether or not or not they reached their assumption subjectively or objectively.

To assist your understanding, this is a chart to indicate you a tough concept of the knowledge degree and the way subjectivity or objectivity every time period sounds:

“Sure” and “unsure” needs to be fairly self-explanatory, however what do I imply by “subjective” or “goal”? Mainly, the extra “subjective” a time period is, the extra closely it is primarily based by yourself assumptions and instinct, whereas extra “goal” phrases rely a bit extra on exterior data or previous experiences at the side of your personal ideas.

Don’t fret in the event you aren’t aware of these actual expressions but, although — we’ll go over them one after the other. Additionally, in the event you really feel like this desk is lacking another phrases you already know, comparable to 多分 (maybe) or きっと (certainly), relaxation assured that I will be masking them on this article as effectively, however in a separate part on the backside!

Expressions For Conveying a Low Stage of Certainty

To start out, let’s introduce expressions for conveying the bottom degree of certainty.

〜かな for “I Surprise…”

To precise your feeling of uncertainty, you should use 〜かな. 〜かな is the equal of the English phrase “I ponder…” It is usually used with a notion or a hypothetical situation that has come to thoughts, and implies that you need to take it with a pinch of salt.

For instance, in the event you sneeze and also you surprise if in case you have a chilly, you’ll be able to stick 〜かな onto 風邪 (chilly) and say:

• 風邪かな。
• I ponder if I’ve a chilly.

Right here, 〜かな expresses that when you assume you may need a chilly, you might be nonetheless uncertain and are questioning about it.

You can too connect かな to an extended sentence. For example, in the event you surprise chances are you’ll develop a fever, you may say:

• 熱が出るかな。
• I ponder if I am getting a fever.

In a approach, 〜かな is type of like asking your self a query, and thus it is thought-about an off-the-cuff expression.

Once more, on this instance, 〜かな signifies that despite the fact that you are afraid of getting a fever, you might be nonetheless uncertain and questioning about it.

Attributable to its nature, 〜かな lacks the well mannered type. ^{To precise this type of hypothesis when talking to somebody in a well mannered method, you’ll be able to as a substitute use 〜ですかね or 〜ますかね, or the extra formal 〜でしょうか(ね).}

• 風邪[ですかね / でしょうか(ね)]。
• I ponder if I’ve a chilly.
  
  (Actually: Do you assume I’ve a chilly?)

• 熱[出ますかね / 出るでしょうか(ね)]。
• I ponder if I am creating a fever.
  
  (Actually: Do you assume I’ll develop a fever?)

Right here, です and ます are the marker for the politeness, か is the query particle, and ね is the confirmation-seeking particle. And, でしょう is likely one of the grammar factors used to specific hypothesis. For those who aren’t aware of them, take a look at the linked pages!

〜かもしれない for “Could” or “May”

〜かもしれない is the Japanese equal of “might” or “would possibly.” It communicates the implication that one thing could also be true, however you are not fully certain. In different phrases, it refers to your guess when there isn’t any concrete proof to assist it.

Let’s use the identical situation of you sneezing. As a substitute of “you surprise,” you assume you may need a chilly. On this case, you should use 〜かもしれない and say:

• 風邪かもしれない。
• I may need a chilly.

Right here, 〜かもしれない reveals that even in the event you suspect that you simply may need a chilly, you are not so certain. For those who’re very sure that your sneeze is being attributable to a chilly, you should not use 〜かもしれない.

Be aware that 〜かもしれない is usually shortened to only 〜かも in informal dialog, or in self-directed speech. So in the event you now have some chills and are telling your member of the family that you simply would possibly develop a fever, it is common to drop しれない and say:

• 熱が出るかも。
• I could develop a fever.

Though it’s grammatically incorrect, some folks use 〜かも with です to lend a way of informal politeness. So in the event you’re telling one in all your superiors at work that you simply’re pleasant with that you simply would possibly get a fever, you may say:

• 熱が出るかもです。
• I could develop a fever.

Nevertheless, you’ll use the correct well mannered type, 〜かもしれません, in the event you have been talking to a different senior worker with whom you will have a stiff, sq. relationship.

• 熱が出るかもしれません。
• I could develop a fever.

Alright, you’ve got most likely had sufficient of 〜かもしれない expressions, so let’s transfer onto the subsequent expression!

〜気がする for “I Have A Feeling…”

〜気がする actually interprets to “have a sense,” and it is used to specific that you simply aren’t sure however “you will have a sense that one thing could be the case.”

Since 〜気がする signifies that you’ve a hunch about one thing, it sounds barely extra sure than 〜かな (I ponder) or 〜かもしれない (perhaps/would possibly). Nevertheless, the knowledge degree of this expression remains to be low, as a result of it solely conveys a sense or guess primarily based on instinct, relatively than recognized information.

Let’s reuse the sneezing instance to see the way it works. After a giant achoo, in the event you intuitively assume “Oh, I could have a chilly,” then you should use 〜気がする and say:

• 風邪引いた気がする。
• I’ve a sense that I’ve a chilly.

Right here, 〜気がする expresses that when you get the sensation that you’ve a chilly, there’s no stable proof to assist this.

What in the event you’ve been experiencing chills and wish to inform your boss that you simply sense a fever is coming subsequent? On this circumstance, you should use the well mannered 〜気がします and say:

• 熱が出そうな気がします。
• I’ve a sense that I could develop a fever.

As soon as extra, 〜気がします demonstrates that when you do have a sneaking suspicion that you could be get a fever, there’s no concrete proof to again this up.

Alright, now that we have lined all of the low certainty expressions (excluding adverbs, which we’ll be taught later), let’s transfer on to the expressions for conveying a medium degree of certainty!

Expressions For Conveying a Medium Stage of Certainty

On this part, we’ll talk about expressions that convey a medium degree of certainty. You would possibly use these whenever you assume you will have some proof to assist your argument, however it stays a matter of conjecture, and you do not wish to assert ideas too strongly.

〜っぽい for “Like…,” “-ish,” or “It Appears…”

〜っぽい is a slang-ish suffix that expresses similarity, as in “(really feel) like…,” or “-ish” in English. For instance, in the event you really feel like you will have a chilly, you’ll be able to say:

• 風邪っぽい。
• I really feel like that I’ve a chilly.

And in the event you’re feverish, and also you wish to report that to your boss, you’ll be able to add the well mannered です and say:

• 熱っぽいです。
• I really feel feverish.

In these examples, 〜っぽい casually signifies that you’ve some signs of a chilly or fever, however you do not essentially know if in case you have an precise chilly or fever.

〜っぽい also can observe the state of affairs during which you assume it is seemingly true primarily based in your statement, like:

• 風邪引いたっぽいです。
• It looks as if I’ve a chilly.

On this case, 〜っぽい provides a way of ambiguity, like “Given the signs, it is seemingly I’ve a chilly, however it’s not a 100% certain factor.”

〜みたい for “Like…” or “It Appears…”

Much like 〜っぽい, 〜みたい is a suffix that expresses similarity or resemblance to one thing else. For example, in the event you discover a yellow tomato that tastes like or seems to be like a banana, you’ll be able to say:

• バナナみたい。
• This is sort of a banana.

Relying on the state of affairs, the usage of 〜みたい right here means that the yellow tomato has a taste or look that’s just like a banana.

In case you are curious, 〜みたい and 〜っぽい are comparable however distinct phrases. バナナみたい signifies that you assume the tomato by some means resembles or is just like a banana, whereas バナナっぽい describes the tomato as having traits which might be sort of like a banana.

Now, let’s swap 〜っぽい with 〜みたい within the earlier instance 風邪引いたっぽい。(It looks as if I’ve a chilly.), as in:

• 風邪引いたみたいです。
• It looks as if I’ve a chilly.

〜みたい and 〜っぽい are certainly very comparable, and have the identical translation when used on this approach. If I have been to be choosy, there are very small variations between the 2, although.

That’s, 〜みたい demonstrates your evaluation that your situation is akin to, if not the identical as having a chilly, whereas 〜っぽい reveals that, given your present circumstance, you get a sense that you’ve a chilly.

Since 〜みたい signifies your evaluation, 風邪引いたみたいです is barely extra sure than 風邪引いたっぽいです. Nevertheless, because of the ambivalence added by 〜みたい, 風邪引いたみたいです nonetheless presents the message that you simply’re conscious that you simply most likely have a chilly, however are coming to phrases with it.

〜だろう/〜でしょう for “I Guess Most likely…”

In case your speculation about one thing is predicated on opinions and views with some justifications, you should use the expression 〜だろう, or its well mannered type 〜でしょう, as in:

• 風邪だろうね。
• I assume that is most likely a chilly.

• 熱も出るでしょうね。
• I assume that they’re going to most likely develop a fever, too.

Right here, 〜だろう/でしょう suggests that you’re making a private guess that you simply consider might be true, whereas additionally suggesting that it’s supported by some type of proof.

These phrases are usually used whereas making an statement and drawing your personal conclusions. Though it’s doable to make use of them to speak about your self, speaking about anyone or one thing else is much extra typical.

One other factor to bear in mind is that だろう, or its abbreviation だろ, has an unrefined and rugged tone as-is. This rough-hewn facet works effectively whenever you’re making an affirmative assertion about your guess in writing or in a proper speech. In odd talking, nevertheless, it sounds robust and is usually thought-about masculine.

To melt the sound, the ultimate particle ね is often used with it, simply as within the examples above 〜だろうね. Then again, 〜でしょう is a really well mannered expression and is favored in formal conditions. Including ね to it, as in 〜でしょうね, could make it sound female, although it is used throughout the gender spectrum in formal settings.

For these nuances, each 〜だろう and 〜でしょう won’t at all times be the popular decisions in odd conversations. As a substitute, many individuals select 〜と思う (I believe…) as a substitute to convey their assertion on the whole conditions. Talking of which, you’ll be able to simply scroll right down to see how 〜と思う is used!

〜と思う for “I Suppose/Consider…”

While you draw a conclusion primarily based on some proof, and really consider it is more likely to be true, you should use the expression 〜と思う (I believe/consider…), which is the mix of the citation marker と and the verb 思う (to assume).

For instance, in the event you not solely sneezed however have chills and fatigue, chances are you’ll say:

• 風邪引いたと思う。
• I believe that I’ve a chilly.

Right here, 〜と思う expresses that you’ve some cause to again up your declare, and also you naturally got here to assume that is most likely the case.

While you say 〜と思う, you might be merely expressing a thought, concept, or notion that simply occurred to you.

For those who’re questioning why the phrase “naturally” was inserted there, good eye! Japanese has two verbs for “assume,” 思う and 考える. Between the 2, 思う refers to extra spontaneous pondering that bubbles up naturally “in your coronary heart,” whereas 考える is a extra methodical sort of energetic pondering, which we’d say occurs “in your head.”

Now, let’s check out the above instance 風邪引いたと思う once more. Right here, the declare 風邪引いた (I caught/have a chilly) is a extremely satisfied sentence in and of itself (we’ll speak about this later too!), and what 〜と思う is doing is definitely softening the assertion by stating that it is the notion that naturally got here to you.

Because of this, the knowledge of 〜と思う modifications relying on the sentence you connect it to. For instance, you’ll be able to lower the extent of certainty by including 〜かな (I ponder) or 〜かも(しれない) (might/would possibly) to the declare, like:

• 風邪引いた[かな / かも(しれない)]と思う。
• I believe that I could have a chilly.

On this case, 〜と思う softens the already imprecise かな/かもしれない statements and makes them even much less sure. Then again, in the event you add an adverb like 絶対 (undoubtedly), it turns into a robust conviction:

• 絶対風邪引いたと思う。
• I believe that I undoubtedly have a chilly.

However once more, simply saying 絶対 風邪引いた with out 〜と思う is stronger, and what 〜と思う is basically softening the sturdy assertion.

This occurs in English too, however as was talked about at first, Japanese folks usually reserve making assertions about one thing until they’re totally sure that it’s correct. In consequence, you hear 〜と思う, or 〜気がする (I’ve a sense…), used with many Japanese remarks to assist the speaker really feel relaxed.

There was loads on this part to soak up, huh? One remaining level: the well mannered type of 思う is 思います. So, use 思います when telling your ideas to somebody with whom it’s worthwhile to communicate to in a courteous method.

〜そう for “It Appears to be like/Appears Like…”

You can too use 〜そう whenever you consider that one thing is about to occur, somebody goes to do one thing, or some situation could be the case. For instance, in the event you really feel such as you would possibly develop a fever, you’ll be able to mix it with the verb 出る and say:

• 熱が出そう。
• It seems to be/looks as if I am going to develop a fever.

〜そう can be used with adjectives, too. For instance, in case your buddy seen you were not feeling effectively, they could add 〜そう to an い-adjective しんどい and say:

• しんどそうだね。
• It seems to be/looks as if you are not feeling effectively.

As talked about earlier, 〜そう mainly interprets to “it seems to be/looks as if” in English. To place it one other approach, you should use this to easily describe what you assume goes to occur, primarily based in your statement of the current state of affairs.

Since 〜そう is mainly your report on what one thing “seems to be/looks as if” primarily based in your statement, its certainty degree is barely larger than different expressions we have discovered to date. Nevertheless, it nonetheless implies that you simply aren’t sure, so when speaking about what’s seemingly about to occur, it usually goes effectively with 〜気がする, as in:

• 熱が出そうな気がする。
• I’ve a sense that I’ll seemingly develop a fever.

Be aware that since 〜そう is an expression that is depending on what you might be observing on the time you are talking, you can’t use it to elucidate an occasion that occurred up to now.

Expressions For Conveying a Excessive Stage of Certainty

Now you’ve got discovered all of the expressions for low and medium certainty, let’s transfer onto the high-certainty expressions.

〜はず for “Supposed To Be” or “Ought to Be”

For those who assume that one thing is “supposed” to be or “ought to” be the case, foreseeably primarily based on goal, logical inference, the phrase 〜はず is available in play.

So if in case you have sneezed, get some chills, and foresee {that a} fever is about to develop, you’ll be able to say:

• 熱が出るはず。
• I ought to have a fever quickly.

Right here, 〜はず signifies that you simply consider that it is extremely seemingly {that a} fever is coming quickly, and that perception is predicated on believable data.

And in case your assistant at work has some reminiscence of getting acetaminophen within the workplace cupboard, they might politely say:

• 薬があったはずです。
• There needs to be some treatment, if I bear in mind appropriately.

On this instance, 〜はず means that they’ve a reminiscence of getting some drugs, if their reminiscence is correct.

In different phrases, 〜はず signifies an amazing diploma of certainty, however not 100%. It conveys that you simply assume or consider that one thing is the case, however that you simply’re conscious that it isn’t essentially so.

〜に違いない for “Should”

Like 〜はず, 〜に 違（ちが）いない additionally denotes a excessive diploma of certainty, however it implies that your personal subjective judgment is concerned to achieve the conclusion.

It is simpler to understand the nuance of 〜に 違（ちが）いない whereas evaluating it with 〜はず, so let’s convey again the sooner instance of you foreseeing an upcoming fever for comparability:

• 熱が出る[はず / に違いない]。
• I ought to have a fever quickly.

The implication right here could be very comparable, as each suggest that you have reached the belief that you’re extremely more likely to have a fever quickly, given that you simply at present have sneezes and chills.

〜に違いない sounds extra assured and robust than
〜はず, as a result of it conveys your private conviction on the conclusion.

The literal that means of 違いない is “no distinction” or “not a mistake.” It signifies that one thing is strictly what you assume with none distinction or inaccuracy.

Thus, the literal that means of the phrase 〜に違いない is “I affirm that XYZ is correct and proper in each facet,” which after all conveys a really excessive diploma of certainty.

As you’ll be able to see, what 〜に違いない implies is sort of inflexible. Therefore, it is extra of a literary expression than colloquial.

Though 〜はず and 〜に違いない have been interchangeable within the above instance, due to the slight distinction in nuance, they cannot at all times be swapped. For example, on account of its sturdy confidence, 〜に違いない can’t be used within the state of affairs the place you bear in mind one thing and it is extremely seemingly, however you are not 100% certain, like:

• 薬があった[はず(です) / ❌に違いない(です) / ❌に違いありません]。
• There needs to be some treatment, if I bear in mind appropriately.

For those who use 〜に違いない, or its well mannered varieties 〜に違いないです or 〜に違いありません, within the above sentence, it could sound as in the event you’re a detective or a some kind investigator — it is as in the event you’re drawing conclusions concerning the crime scene and asserting that some type of treatment should have been current at a selected location up to now.

The bottom of your declare could be both information, information, and even simply your intuition, however with all the knowledge at your disposal, 〜に違いない expresses that you simply can’t be sure that that would be the case.

For this connotation, detective characters in fiction might incessantly make use of 〜に違いない in speech. Nevertheless, few folks wish to sound like detectives in actual life, so to say the identical factor, folks usually use 〜と思う, or its well mannered 〜と思うんです or 〜と思います, with an adverb, comparable to 絶対 (undoubtedly):

• 絶対薬があった[と思う / と思うんです / と思います]。
• I certainly assume that there was some treatment.

We’ll quickly undergo all of the adverbs for various ranges of certainty. Earlier than transferring on, nevertheless, now we have one final expression for prime certainty to debate: the plain type.

Plain Type for “Realization” or “Conviction”

The vast majority of textbooks do not point out this, however when Japanese folks have simply realized one thing or are lastly satisfied that one thing is the case, they usually simply state it utilizing the phrase in its most simple “plain type.”

For instance, in the event you sneeze and develop into satisfied that you’ve a chilly, you would possibly merely use the plain type and say:

• あ、風邪引いた(わ/な)。
• Oh, I’ve/received a chilly.

Then, in the event you really feel a chill approaching and are sure a fever will begin, you’ll be able to say:

• うん、熱も出る(わ/な)。
• Yep, I am gonna have a fever.

Now suppose you genuinely begin feeling sick and have a excessive fever, and consider it is a flu. You would possibly say:

• インフルエンザだ(わ/な)。
• This should be the flu.

These examples all have a plain type ending, both within the current or the previous tense. They’ll nonetheless take sentence-final particles which might be directed at your self, comparable to わ (a judgment/sentiment marker) or な (a discovery marker). However even with out them, ending a sentence in a plain type sufficiently communicates your judgment or your discovery that one thing is true and that you’re assured in it.

You do not usually see the well mannered type on this use as a result of it is primarily used for a self-directed realization or conviction. Nevertheless, chances are you’ll use the well mannered type in case you are speaking to the viewers and talking in a well mannered method on the whole.

For example, in the event you’re live-streaming your life and also you assume you will have a fever the second you’ve got sneezed, you may say:

• あ、風邪引きました(ね)。
• Oh, I’ve/received a chilly.

Then, in the event you really feel a chill and anticipate a fever approaching, you’ll be able to say:

• うん、熱も出ます(ね)。
• Yep, I am gonna have a fever.

After which, you truly get actually sick and have develop into to assume you will have the flu, you may say:

• インフルエンザです(ね)。
• This should be the flu.

As you’ll be able to see within the examples, it is customary to make use of the particle ね on this state of affairs to solicit viewers settlement, as in “do you agree with my realization?”

Okay, now that we have gone by way of each expression for certainty, all that is left is to have a look at adverbs! Do not be alarmed; since you’ve got already discovered a lot, I am going to solely briefly undergo every adverb. So, let’s carry on and get to the end line of this text collectively!

Adverbs For Totally different Ranges of Uncertainty

Along with the expressions discovered above, there are adverbs that denote varied levels of uncertainty. These adverbs incessantly go along with different expressions you beforehand discovered, significantly with 思う, however the frequency of collocations depends upon the phrase.

As promised, we cannot go into nice element about every adverb on this half; as a substitute, I am going to record the essential adverbs for various ranges of uncertainty (sure, there are literally greater than our record!😅), clarify the essential definition, and probably the most frequent collocation.

なんだか or なんか for “Considerably” or “By some means”

なんだか, or its extra colloquial informal model なんか, is an adverb for “considerably” or by some means.” This expression incessantly goes with 〜気がする, as in:

• なん(だ)か熱が出そうな気がする。
• By some means I’ve a sense that I could develop a fever.

By including なん(だ)か to the sentence with 〜気がする, it may possibly muddy up your already-murky intuitive guess and make it sound extra ambiguous.

もしかしたら for “Perhaps” or “Maybe”

もしかしたら is an adverb for “perhaps” or “maybe,” and it is used when presuming one thing with a level of doubt. This expression is usually used with 〜かも(しれない), as in:

• もしかしたら風邪引いたかもしれない。
• Perhaps I may need a chilly.

Different adverbs like もしかすると, ひょっとしたら, or ひょっとすると specific the same nuance, however もしかしたら is the most typical.

多分 for “Perhaps,” “Maybe,” or “Most likely”

多分 is one other phrase for “perhaps” or “maybe,” however its certainty degree is larger than もしかしたら and thus it mostly interprets as “most likely.”

Therefore, it is usually used with 〜だろう/でしょう or 〜と思う, as in:

• 多分風邪だろう。
• I assume it is most likely a chilly.

• 多分風邪引いたと思う。
• I believe I most likely have a chilly.

Nevertheless it can be used with different expressions comparable to 〜かな, 〜かも(しれない), or 〜はず.

恐らく for “Most likely”

恐（おそ）らく additionally often interprets to “most likely”, however its certainty degree is larger than 多分, and it is usually used to foretell a foul end result sooner or later. Additionally, the tone is extra formal and literary, so it is best suited to formal conversations or in writing.
Due to this nuance, 恐（おそ）らく is usually used with a really affirmative declare, accompanied by an inferring expression, comparable to 〜だろう/でしょう or 〜と思う.

• 恐らく風邪だろう。
• I assume it is most likely a chilly.

• 恐らく風邪を引いたんだと思います。
• I believe I most likely have a chilly.

Within the above examples, the primary one appears like a written sentence or a blunt, self-directed thought, whereas the latter appears like a proper and well mannered speech.

きっと for “Most likely,” “Absolutely,” or “Definitely”

きっと is one other adverb that would translate to “most likely,” however its certainty degree is far larger than 多分 or 恐（おそ）らく and thus it mostly interprets to “certainly” or “actually.”

Therefore, it may be used with an inferring expression, comparable to 〜だろう/でしょう or 〜と思う, however it may possibly additionally go effectively with the expressions like 〜はず or 〜に 違（ちが）いない.

• きっと熱が出る[だろう / と思う]。
• I assume I am going to certainly develop a fever.

• きっと熱が出る[はず / に違いない]。
• I am certain I am going to develop a fever.

Be aware that きっと additionally has different implications relying on the context. For instance, the next sentence can have two readings relying on the context.

• きっと元気になるよ！
• I am certain [I’ll / you’ll / they’ll] be higher quickly.

Right here, in the event you’re speaking about your self, it expresses dedication — you are decided to be higher quickly. When speaking about another person, alternatively, it may possibly specific a robust need — you actually hope they wish to be higher quickly.

確実に or 絶対に for “Absolutely,” “Definitely,” or “Completely”

確実（かくじつ）に and 絶対に are the phrases for “certainly,” “actually,” or “completely,” they usually specific a really excessive diploma of certainty.

Therefore, they can be utilized with an inferring expression, comparable to comparable to 〜だろう/でしょう or 〜と思う, but additionally go effectively with expressions like 〜はず, 〜に 違（ちが）いない.

• [確実に / 絶対に]熱が出る[だろう / と思う]。
• I assume I am going to actually develop a fever.

• [確実に / 絶対に]熱が出る[はず / に違いない]。
• I am certain I am going to actually develop a fever.

And so they additionally go effectively with the plain type when expressing “realization” or “conviction.”

• これ[確実に / 絶対に]インフルエンザだ。
• I am sure that is the flu.

Between the 2, 確実（かくじつ）に facilities on “certainty” primarily based on the target proven fact that there aren’t any errors, modifications, and so on., wheras 絶対に merely means “completely” and signifies being uncontested by something.

間違いなく for “Unmistakably” or “Positively”

One other adverb with a really excessive degree of certainty is 間違（まちが）いなく, which signifies your unambiguous conviction and may translate “unmistakably” or “undoubtedly.”

It goes effectively with an inferring expression, comparable to comparable to 〜だろう/でしょう or 〜と思う or the plain type of a phrase that expresses “realization” or “conviction.”

• 間違いなく熱が出る[だろう / と思う]。
• I assume I am going to undoubtedly develop a fever.

• 間違いなく熱が出る(わ)。
• I am certain I am going to undoubtedly develop a fever.

Be aware that 間違（まちが）いなく suggests that you’ve given your judgment that one thing is undeniably true primarily based on some data you will have. In consequence, it carries a extra formal tone when in comparison with 確実（かくじつ）に and 絶対に, although it may possibly nonetheless be utilized in on a regular basis speech.

Fairly Presumably the Conclusion

Whew! I do know that is numerous data to cowl, however don’t be concerned if you have not memorized all of it but. This web page generally is a reference so that you can revisit repeatedly till you’ve got received all of it down.

Understand that the extent of certainty described on this article is simply an approximation, as the knowledge conveyed can change relying on the context of the sentence, the one who makes use of the expression, and extra.

Lastly, like I discussed, observe that this text is simply the tip of the iceberg; Japanese has tons of various methods for making statements much less sure or extra imprecise, together with layering a number of the above expressions, utilizing double negatives, or extra. Nonetheless, hopefully this can be a good start line for including extra nuance to your personal Japanese, or serving to you perceive the extent of certainty that somebody is attempting to specific. Attempt to observe what kinds of statements Japanese individuals are making in actual life and the context during which they’re making these statements, and hopefully this type of nuance will develop into second nature to you.
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